Hayek

 Hayek
Hayek (1899-1992)
Friedrich. A. Hayek (Hayek) on March 23, 1992, died 92 years old. He may be the greatest 20th century classical liberal scholars. Although he won the 1974 Nobel Prize in Economics, but his academic contribution is far beyond the scope of economics. his life published 130 articles and 25 monographs covering the range from a purely economic learning theory of psychology, from political philosophy to legal anthropology, philosophy of science to the history of ideas from. In this aspects, Hayek is by no means just for fun, but the view is outstanding. He told us at least three areas on the understanding of the significant contribution: government intervention, the economic consequences of socialism and social structural development. We are afraid no longer see such a wide range of interest for scientific study of human person.
1899 年 5 8, Hayek was born in an intellectual family in Vienna, and his doctorate is obtained from the University of Vienna (1921-1923) .20 century by Menger's Mises, who carried forward. Hayek attended the University of Vienna, he had heard of Mises's classes, he found that the anti-socialist views Mises deep in his favor. Wiesel was a Fabian Socialists, he was attracted to the idea of Hayek, Hayek became his student. The irony is that Mises is a thorough critique, published in 1922, the works of socialism eventually Hayek from Fabian socialist thought in the pull-out.
understanding of economics and Hayek's great contribution to classical liberalism is the best way Mises social cooperation from the perspective of research paradigm. Mises is One of the great theoretical system structure, was the offer he gave Hayek paradigm. Hayek became the great anatomical home and analysts. his lifelong efforts, in fact, can be regarded as not made it clear to the Mises to express thoughts clearly, to sketch the contours of Mises become full, and answer questions about inadequate Mises. Mises Hayek is commented: Seth. business cycle theory from the thoughts of social cooperation.
Hayek and Mises University of Vienna, has not met during the period. in school by his teacher after his introduction to Wiesel Mises. was the beginning of Kazakhstan Hayek and Mises cooperation. in a government agency, Hayek did in the hands of five .1927 Mises, Hayek became the two of them set up the Economic Cycle Research Institute co-director of the Institute designed from the perspective of theoretical and empirical economic cycle.
under Mises, policy, institutional details of subsequent courses in the study of monetary theory and business cycle theory. Hayek's first book is the credit expansion economy for a given capital structure. the book was published, Lionel Robbins would require him to London School of Economics lectures. The seminar finally compiled and published as his second book, business cycle, price and production theory popular, 32 years old, he was Chinese and the University of London, appointed him as Tooke Professor of Economic Science and Statistics, this point, Hayek has reached the pinnacle of his career economics.
Mises - Kazakhstan Hayek's business cycle theory clarifies the business cycle on the out the wrong signal to participants in economic activities of production and consumption of the offset program. This disorder first manifested as a the actual occurrence of the rhythm and the freedom, freedom of thought and economic freedom. where economic freedom is the basis of freedom. the way to achieve economic freedom is the implementation of market economy, let the market mechanism into full play the role of regulation, so that people in the market for free competition. Therefore, the market economy is a species formed by the departure of individualism, and to guarantee the freedom of the ;. Meanwhile, Hayek's concept of consumer sovereignty is used to understand the perfection of market economy. Meanwhile, he also believes that coordination is the development of the market an integral part of the process. coordinated market economy can achieve a higher failure degree of coordination, lack of coordination in the actual issue, Hayek said, in the coordination of the activities at different times than in the coordination of the activities during the same period, even greater difficulties. And he also ; ---- part of the price system, understood as the communication network.
into effect to avoid the monetary policy and avoid price contraction of the choice of monetary policy. Hayek has always been contradictory feelings, in order to prevent a == in the political interests, the use of currency issue to disrupt the economy, Hayek suggested the monetary First, economic theory, economists have acquired knowledge, the first being that all individuals in society have, under the conditions of the specific time and place of knowledge.
long time, the Keynesian theory and policies are criticized Hayek objectives. Hayek believes that the criteria to judge a society is not good or bad economic well-being, but the person's degree of freedom. Hayek particularly opposed to the economic well-being as an ideal society. He believes that the pursuit of the objectives of economic welfare will inevitably lead to state intervention economy. ideal society is achieved through the rule of law. ideal society can be achieved through the rule of law, to do this, we must achieve emancipation, the people's minds from the country advocating the liberation of modern obscurantism, consciously to achieve this kinds of ideals.
Synopsis
The book advocates name. A person is not attached to the social affairs together in the intrinsic principle, but seek a compromise between the views of this has been seen as a symbol of wisdom. But, even if not explicitly recognized by the people but only implied in the specific decisions, or even rendered as a little revealing but just what to do or not do fuzzy thinking, in principle, still has its own expression. Therefore, fast forward.
Unlike the past, in a way, it is actually a systematic critique what he called readers will have an impact in China.
In fact, Hayek's leaf movement in Asia, Africa in the rise of national independence the Third World Socialism r l essentially different. European socialism, with its opposite - European capitalism as defined by Weber as rational socialist l r, r and l form a rational capitalism, political areas. In this kind of thinking perspective, Hayek subtitle to this book fallacies of socialism-l r r challenge to understand the socialist criticism of l, it should be understood as l r is a rational socialist construction and its Source-l r rational criticism. touted the germinal its national customs, and why? hh perspective if we turn to the law, one may find them as there are many differences between the various persons to provide equal justice; hh at the political level, our freedoms (freedom), also extended to our normal daily aspects of life. hh but our personal relationship that Anshu itself, does not make as citizens we can lawlessness. concerns of this lawlessness, but our main defensive barrier, as This barrier warned us to obey the law and judges the judges (especially those related to the provisions of protection of damage), whether they are in fact statutory law, or is it as long as the violation must be made to suffer great shame those who breach the unwritten law. < br> in the face of a major for the 19th century, the History of the longer distance. Hayek to understand the historical development for people in decline.
Bobo advocates the same nature, Hayek the Hayek founded the National Socialist interpretation of school, and his interpretation and influenced by the Marxist interpretation of contrasts, National Socialism is a form of public rule of the bourgeoisie just as liberal as mm. Thus, the State Socialism will become a perverse form of liberalism, it appears the rule of the bourgeoisie has been to see them over the threat of dramatic social reforms to ensure the use of violence when their rule.
free important works in general accordance with the Department of The explanation rather than trying to achieve the grand liberal social philosophy an important part of the process.
FA Hayek's Mr published his 1944 landmark work, so far led to a wide range of sectors are still interested in the debate. it is largely in line with Hayek's
personal interest. If Hayek's teacher Ludwig von Mises in which the same the initial pursuit of the Austrian School is a
mm as a purely historical reasons or no experience Factors mm economic theory but also a decent thing,
then Hayek in seems like at least in part out of the narrow box. he himself did so in the
later described: is very difficult. British socialist intellectuals, in their minds seem to have
with an idea that National Socialism is not socialism, but rather some kind of abomination. So, I tried to
said to them: l Like you and they take the same path in the r. When Churchill's campaign speech in 1946, Hayek's words quoted by Clement of his Labor Party rival.
socialist nationalization program Attlee warned of the dangers when left to take advantage of this Figure ruined the reputation of Churchill
. Attlee in his speech emphasized that Hayek always relish the name of the which Hayek is unfair, because he is a staunch pro-British rule
disabilities, resolute opponents of National Socialism, is should not be any doubt, but also because of his own years from 1934 < br> to live in the UK and have sought refuge there. Nevertheless, there are still many voices in the UK in that these,
Hayek adversary which is marked by the imprint left, he Churchill under the water
kind of a history of Road to Serfdom, Ebdon and Bright represented the heyday of the British liberal does not constitute a downhill run by high-profile start. Even in the liberal
the elements of the creed, this fact makes things
born in Vienna in 1989, Hayek (1938, as a professor at the London School of Economics to become a British citizen) to a particular sense of anguish
.
people occasionally the Road to Serfdom, its enemies description of a totalitarian regime. He analyzes
from spiritual tradition of totalitarian thought process was not Popper as the main focus of its representatives (such as Hegel and Marx
Ma). Harge grams to a greater extent to those less extreme, but the spirit of the times is more representative of the mainstream of the way
maintain their ideas of thinkers at the center. Hayek to some of today do not know Name of the 19th century such as Karl mm
figures. Rawbelle plans to belong to them - the kind classified in the The pioneer of the other totalitarian. Hayek soon as the goal of a project
glance. For him, this is not only related to anti-
hit the atrocities of totalitarianism, because the obvious brutal forms of totalitarianism will always be the majority of those who are rejected by
straight. He greater concern is to expose those that benefit from the concept of sound, the hidden danger of the
. these ideas far as see this point clearly. Norman moment though firmly advocated
typical
Weimar Republic has always been left-wing liberal faction of the Democratic Party of Germany's most important economic policy thinking one representative, he was listed as
more dangerous. The politics of economic management started in his honor as a the organizers of the war economy (Hayek gave him a poetic
title, the and planned economic thought, on the other hand also show the same clear of political liberalism and Republican power management
solution. The real danger this becomes evident. Hayek commented, Through his work more than one person to decide
the last war in Germany during and subsequent generation that grew up in the economic outlook, and several of his closest
staff should be in later a four-year plan in the implementation of Goering were the backbone of the officials. asserted, He knows his totalitarian policies of economic
consequences br> standard one by one, such as democracy or dictatorship, freedom or oppression mm of choice, the absolute differences exist, but a planned economy to have more elements
dominates consensus. Thus, Hayek put His book dedicated to liberals the same nature, it has little meaning. Hayek even the ; the kind of socialist.
difference is that those who should be the means and methods which are collective mm, is irreconcilable with the freedom of the individual. collectivism
is dominant for Hayek spirit of the times the status of a central feature, in the presence of all the other features are sadly overshadowed
. For him, socialism is br> This is equivalent to the socialist, that some authors (with the Hayek will evoke this impression.
come in many writings after he first put National Socialism as a variant of socialism to deal with, rather than the interpretation of popular
divided by the Left and Right model it as the antithesis of socialism to deal with.
1979 years of a lecture, he spoke of a Thus the creation of a complete school of National Socialism to explain his interpretation of a (dominant)
influenced by the Marxist interpretation of the formation of a conscious control.
this interpretation in the ( Road to Serfdom) even in the time of publication about democracy, socialist Harold mm. J.
Laski, he was in the London School of Economics Hayek colleagues, in particular, can properly Hayek was the main representative of that type of criticism
intellectuals - among them, especially be welcomed. According to this interpretation, National Socialism is a form of the rule of the bourgeoisie
people - just as liberal that. Thus, National Socialism will become a liberal
abnormal form, it appears the rule of the bourgeoisie has been to see them over the threat of dramatic social reforms
to ensure that their use of violence when the rule.
theorists of this school instead of embarrassing to talk about hidden socialist br> difference. tried based on their (self-) represented by the possession of their relationship to explain the political theory of fascism management
family has to put the question clearly stated by Hayek: Is not there a kind of personal freedom under the and economic order through the correct choice
to protect individual freedoms and carried out this measure is more suitable for those who are classified as advocated by the left What a logical assumption in itself and convincing, how could they mistake for those with liberal beliefs
fully consistent with
their words. After all, this book contains some sort of Socialism and Stalinism to democracy and national socialism and
the same thing. democratic socialists opposed to this same treatment, which is obvious. early In (Road to Serfdom)
published shortly after Barbara. Wootton in her unique called This is demonstrated not only its anti-Hayek critique of collectivism tender age of the
spirit of the times. in the publication (The Road to Serfdom) shortly before Hayek as the prestigious British Society members.
later learned that a friend of his, Hayek never be a member of this body, if this work as early as
in July rather than in September (that is, before the election ) come out.
However, Hayek argued his detailed these arguments, the initial effect of these arguments is not, as some of the confidence of informants like
generated effects. a democratic socialism that even a must also first in the near future to resort to illegal means
heart, if he really wants to continue to fulfill his expectations about the economic order of a worthy idea. If
If not provided by the market economy ; the kind of economic freedom, abandoned the issue of the order, the economic interpretation of Hayek is still valid? Although this highly important issue, Harge
grams rather vague explanation and a brief stop at the mere hint. But we should not forget that liberalism will lead to disaster. It has simply is
people to control their own destiny by their own new feeling, is that people can improve their situation endless faith,
kind of thing has been achieved by the belief that arouse. beliefs described here, in large part is
he later called enhancement, because be seen as an insurance
and not lose possession of material, is obtained once and for all. people just
also claims the new interest seems to follow the principles of the old prejudice the rights of these new requirements quickly meet. But for citizens, it has become a constraint in human and
the burden of financially overwhelmed, so the idea that the maintenance of vested interests has a great sense of criticism.
in (through The road to slavery) was originally cast aside after successful left-wing and eventually became the most powerful in 80 years
policies inspired to return to the UK as a market economy works, This is not surprising. Even in other countries , as in the United States,
Hayek also become a reflection of the spiritual leader of liberalism. He also received academic recognition mm 19
74 he won the Nobel Prize in Economics.
1989 年the end of the Soviet empire tyranny of socialism, perhaps the end of his journey he was pleased with the
most worthy things, and many intellectuals in Eastern Europe all set up spontaneously, Hayek Society responsibility is clearly illustrated in
this. This is a political book. I do not want to study this more elegant social philosophy false name to call
call it, in order to cover this, although I not a bad idea to do so. But, however named, is still the fundamental point of everything I said
from some of the ultimate value. I hope this book has another equally important to the proper discharge of the functions
Select: All demonstrate unequivocally stated that the ultimate value is based on what is.
However, there is one thing I would like to add. Although this is a political book, but I am the same as any person
be sure, the book affirms the conviction, does not depend on my personal interests. Why does it seems like the kind I wish I
social benefits to this country than most people greater benefits, I can not find any
reason. In fact, my colleagues who believe in socialism, often told me, as an economist, I have the kind of anti-social
, I should occupy a more important position - of course, that I have to admit that their point of view
. I think it is also true, the reason I oppose these views, not because they are different with me growth of those ideas that
: Since they insisted it is the view when I was young, and it is these ideas that I will be
economics profession. for those based on the popular political opinion in every fashion the clarity of the profit motive to find the people, or
with leave to allow me to say, I have all the right reasons not to write or publish the book. it must be offensive to many, I hope and promise
the harmonious coexistence of people: it also forced
that I will I feel is more competent and long-term perspective I think the more important work left aside; and, in particular
, it is certainly not conducive to accept the more rigorous academic result of the work, which I am attracted to academic work is desirable.
if I ignored them, and the writing of this book as I can not escape responsibility, which is mainly due to the times of future economic policy
discussion of the unusual and serious situation caused by these circumstances is almost not fully aware of the public
.
the reality is that most economists over the years has been absorbed by the war machine, and because The official position of the body and shut up
not made, the results of public opinion on these issues, in the surprising extent, for the layman or strange persons, for the ulterior motives of
or bad behavior by the manipulation of people. In In this case, a sufficient leisure to people who work in writing, it is difficult to be worried about chien
hidden in the heart; current trends in all the hearts of many people must rise to such concerns, but they can not open public
They expressed it - although in different circumstances, I would be happy to discuss the relevant issues of national policy, leaving some of the tasks that
more authority, more qualified people to do.
the the book's central argument in the first article entitled University of Chicago Professor Ernst Gideon
Press editor of the These paragraphs.
Introduction to the Theory
Hayek Friedrich governance. von. Hayek's name is no longer strange for Chinese scholars, whenever the history of Western philosophy or history or economics, political and legal thinking thinking History books will be mentioned or detailed or slightly Hayek. Deng Zhenglai, Liu Junning, autumn, Mr. Feng Keli other translations or research monographs, in which no doubt played a huge role. add to the longevity of the elderly late ; title ; conservative, . Smith has been the greatest moral philosopher and political economist. were psychologically difficult to accept. Even the most neutral term , some students even bother to mention Hayek, in fact, many of them had only hearsay, some critics of Hayek's one-sided and did not read Hayek's book, let alone read. But ...